There hasn’t been a permanent Israeli military presence inside Gaza since 2005, but that doesn’t end Israel’s control over Gaza’s borders, airspace, and coastal waters. That level of control fits the definition of occupation under international law—based on widely accepted legal standards, not political spin. The argument isn’t about troop presence; it’s about who holds the keys to movement, trade, and essential infrastructure.
“Open-air blockade” describes the fact that over two million people are confined to a small territory with strict limitations on movement, trade, and access to basic resources. Saying some Palestinians have work visas doesn’t change the broader conditions. Those permits are limited, heavily restricted, and can be revoked at any time. Most people in Gaza can’t leave, even for urgent medical care.
Security concerns are real. Suicide bombings and rocket attacks are real. But those facts don’t eliminate the need to distinguish between targeting combatants and collectively punishing civilians. Checkpoints may be necessary, but the impact on ordinary people—many of whom have never committed any crime—is still a reality.
Israel provides limited water and electricity to Gaza, but it also controls what materials can enter, including fuel, construction supplies, and even medical equipment. The result is chronic infrastructure failure. Hamas absolutely misuses aid and prioritizes rockets over civilian needs, but that doesn’t remove Israel’s responsibility under occupation law, nor does it justify indefinite blockade conditions.
Egypt’s role doesn’t excuse Israel’s. Rafah is tightly controlled, but Egypt isn’t occupying Gaza, nor does it have the same legal or historical responsibility. Both contribute to the siege. Both can be criticized.